Background: Mendelian randomization (MR) studies investigate the effect of genetic
variation in levels of an exposure on an outcome, thereby using genetic variation as an …

Injuries occur when an athlete performs a greater amount of activity than what their body can
withstand. To maximize the positive effects of training while avoiding injuries, athletes and …

The term “repetitive head impacts”(RHI) refers to the cumulative exposure to concussive and
subconcussive events. Although RHI are believed to increase risk for later-life neurological …

Abstract Background Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies assess the causality of an
exposure–disease association using genetic determinants [ie instrumental variables (IVs)] of …

Abstract Purpose of Review Instrumental variable (IV) methods continue to be applied to
questions ranging from genetic to social epidemiology. In the epidemiologic literature …

In this paper, the authors describe different instrumental variable (IV) estimators of causal
risk ratios and odds ratios with particular attention to methods that can handle continuously …

Instrumental variable (IV) methods have been proposed as a potential approach to the
common problem of uncontrolled confounding in comparative studies of medical …

Background Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) was approved by the Food and
Drug Administration in 2015 for patients with carotid artery stenosis. However, no …

Using an original dataset of 4,183 former J-1 Visa holders from 81 countries—all of whom
had worked in the US—I examine how skilled return migrants, as cross-border brokers …

Importance Pretreatment of patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary
syndrome (NSTE-ACS) with P2Y12 receptor antagonists is a common practice despite the …