Accumulating evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a long preclinical
phase, during which time its characteristic pathology accumulates and patient function …

Mitochondria are key cellular power plants essential for neuronal growth, survival, function,
and regeneration after injury. Given their unique morphological features, neurons face …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical regulator of metabolic networks, and
declining levels of its oxidized form, NAD+, are closely associated with numerous diseases …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by both
amnestic and non-amnestic clinical manifestations. It accounts for approximately 60-70% of …

Multiple avenues of research including epidemiology, molecular genetics and cell biology
have identified links between Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several …

Astrocytes, an integral component of the central nervous system (CNS), contribute to the
maintenance of physiological homeostasis through their roles in synaptic function, K+ …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a morphologically and functionally diverse organelle
capable of integrating multiple extracellular and internal signals and generating adaptive …

Significance: The mitochondrial energy-transducing capacity is essential for the
maintenance of neuronal function, and the impairment of energy metabolism and redox …

Inflammation is an organism's biological defense mechanism. Acute and chronic
inflammation of the body triggers the production of pro-and anti-inflammatory pathways that …

Most of the previous task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies found
abnormalities in distributed brain regions in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's …