Free radicals have acquired growing importance in the fields of biology and medicine. They
are produced during many different endogenous and exogenous processes. Mitochondria …

Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death, has been identified and associated with cancer and
various other diseases. Ferroptosis is defined as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Classically, superoxide anion O2•− and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At
the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O2 reduction, necessary for cell …

In plants, there is a complex and multilevel network of the antioxidative system (AOS)
operating to counteract harmful reactive species (RS), the foremost important of which are …

A number of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced during normal metabolism
in human body. These species can be both radical and non-radical and have varying …

The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of defensive
antioxidant systems leads to a condition known as oxidative stress. The main source of free …

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and the major cause of adult physical
disability worldwide. The currently available treatment to recanalize the blood flow in acute …

Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher
than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in …

The atomically monodispersed dual‐atom nanozyme not only possesses the advantages of
homogeneous active centers and high atomic utilization efficiency but also exhibits amazing …

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical …