The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is composed of molecularly and functionally distinct
neuron subtypes that mediate specific behaviours and are linked to various brain diseases …

The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal subtypes is a hallmark of neurodegenerative
diseases. In this Review, I summarize our current understanding of the brain regions and …

There is a great demand to broaden our understanding of the multifactorial complex etiology
of neurodegenerative diseases to aid the development of more efficient therapeutics and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease implicated in multiple
interacting neurotransmitter pathways. Glutamate is the central excitatory neurotransmitter in …

Most studies on the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)
have focused on dopamine neurons and their role in processes such as motivation …

Parkinson's disease (PD) targets some dopamine (DA) neurons more than others. Sex
differences offer insights, with females more protected from DA neurodegeneration. The …

Achieving fast transmembrane transmission of molecules in organisms is a challenging
problem. Inspired by the transport of Dopmine (DA) in organisms, the DA transporter (DAT) …

Since the identification of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the mid-20th century,
investigators have examined the regulation of dopamine homeostasis at a basic biological …

Age-related dopamine (DA) neuron loss is a primary feature of Parkinsons disease.
However, it remains unclear whether similar biological processes occur during healthy …

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) form the
foundation of the nigrostriatal pathway and are most notably discussed in the context of …