The development of drug addiction involves a transition from recreational use to compulsive
drug seeking and taking, and this progression can occur rapidly with cocaine use. These …

Homer postsynaptic scaffolding proteins regulate forebrain glutamate transmission and thus,
are likely molecular candidates mediating hypofrontality in addiction. Protracted withdrawal …

Rationale Animal models that identify the effects of self-administration histories on
subsequent patterns, levels of intake, and other aspects of reinforcement will help clarify the …

We previously reported that brief (1 h), but not extended (6 h), daily access to cocaine results
in a sensitized locomotor response to cocaine and in elevated c-Fos immunoreactivity and …

An animal model can be viewed as an experimental paradigm developed for the purpose of
studying a given phenomenon found in humans. Although there are no complete animal …

When drugs enter the brain rapidly, liability for addiction is increased, but why this is the
case is not well understood. Here we examined the influence of varying the speed of …

Previous studies have shown that brief access to cocaine yields an increase in D2 receptor
binding in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but that extended access to cocaine results …

Rationale Acute cocaine administration produces an initial rewarding state followed by a
dysphoric/anxiogenic “crash.” Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether …

A current survey and synthesis of the most important findings in our understanding of the
neurobiological mechanisms of addiction are detailed in our Neurobiology of Addiction …

Rationale Escalation from moderate to excessive drug intake is a hallmark of human
addiction that can be modeled in rats by giving them longer daily access time to self …