During the functional ontogenesis of the thyroid gland an increasing number of transcription
factors play fundamental roles in thyroid-cell differentiation, maintenance of the differentiated …

In this review, we highlight critical unresolved questions in the etiology and mechanisms
causing preterm brain injury. Involvement of neurons, glia, endogenous factors and …

Mitochondrial dysfunction at birth predicts bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely
low–birth weight (ELBW) infants. Recently, nebulized thyroid hormone (TH), given as …

Mild hypothyroidism, also known as subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), is biochemically
defined as serum TSH levels above the upper limit of the reference range, in the presence of …

White matter injury in the premature infant leads to motor and more commonly behavioral
and cognitive problems that are a tremendous burden to society. While there has been much …

Background Observational studies have shown an association between transiently low
thyroid hormone levels in preterm infants in the first weeks of life (transient …

Purpose Thyroid dysfunction is common in preterm infants. Congenital hypothyroidism
causes neurodevelopmental impairment, which is preventable if properly treated. This study …

Background Parenteral nutrition solutions, artificial formulas, and human breast milk contain
insufficient iodine to meet recommended intakes for preterm infants. Iodine deficiency may …

Late‐onset circulatory collapse (LCC) is a refractory hypotension occurring after the early
neonatal period (> day 7), in very low‐birthweight infants. Typically, infants stabilized within …

Introduction The association between hypothyroxinemia of prematurity with
neurodevelopment was controversial. Objectives To compare 5 year neurodevelopmental …