Normal and diseased cells release bilayered membrane-bound nanovesicles into interstitial
spaces and into bodily fluids. A subgroup of such microvesicles is called exosomes and is …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver diseases including liver cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 3% of the world population is infected with HCV …

Tetraspanins play critical roles in various physiological processes, ranging from cell
adhesion to virus infection. The members of the tetraspanin family have four membrane …

Transmembrane (TM) helices of integral membrane proteins can facilitate strong and
specific noncovalent protein–protein interactions. Mutagenesis and structural analyses have …

Cancer-derived circulating exosomes or nanoscale extracellular vesicles are emerging
biomarkers for disease detection and treatment because of their cell-specific constituents …

Infection by enveloped coronaviruses (CoVs) initiates with viral spike (S) proteins binding to
cellular receptors, and is followed by proteolytic cleavage of receptor-bound S proteins …

To facilitate the myriad of different (signaling) processes that take place at the plasma
membrane, cells depend on a high degree of membrane protein organization. Important …

Exosomes, also known as microvesicles (EMVs), are nano-sized membranous particles
secreted from nearly all mammalian cell types. These nanoparticles play critical roles in …

Simple Summary Novel therapeutic targets are needed to improve treatments of aggressive
cancers and viral diseases. Tetraspanins represent an emerging class of anticancer targets …

While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to be important in the entry
process for multiple viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), the molecular mechanisms by …