Physical, chemical and biological stress factors, such as microbial infection, upregulate the
transcription levels of a number of plant genes, coding for the so‐called pathogenesis …

Plants have developed a complex defence network to fight off invading pathogens. In recent
years, the full importance of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered …

Autophagy has been implicated as a prosurvival mechanism to restrict programmed cell
death (PCD) associated with the pathogen-triggered hypersensitive response (HR) during …

Serotonin is a well known neurotransmitter in mammals and plays an important role in
various mental functions in humans. In plants, the serotonin biosynthesis pathway and its …

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NADPH oxidases have been reported to suppress the
spread of pathogen-and salicylic acid-induced cell death. Here, we present dual roles of …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is executed by proteases, which cleave diverse proteins thus
modulating their biochemical and cellular functions. Proteases of the caspase family and …

Ca2+ rise and nitric oxide (NO) generation are essential early steps in plant innate immunity
and initiate the hypersensitive response (HR) to avirulent pathogens. Previous work from …

Bacterial pathogens colonize a host plant by growing between the cells by utilizing the
nutrients present in apoplastic space. While successful pathogens manipulate the plant cell …

Abstract Background The Botrytis cinerea xylanase Xyn11A has been previously shown to
be required for full virulence of this organism despite its poor contribution to the secreted …

The components and pathways that regulate programmed cell death (PCD) in plants remain
poorly understood. Here we describe the impact of drug-induced endoplasmic reticulum …