The chloroplast has a central position in oxygenic photosynthesis and primary metabolism.
In addition to these functions, the chloroplast has recently emerged as a pivotal regulator of …

Chloroplasts are unique organelles that not only provide sites for photosynthesis and many
metabolic processes, but also are sensitive to various environmental stresses. Chloroplast …

Late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins are important stress-response proteins that
participate in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. Here, we investigated LEA group 3 …

Thousands of naturally occurring peptides differing in their origin, abundance and possible
functions have been identified in the tissue and biological fluids of vertebrates, insects, fungi …

Background The evolution of protein residues depends on the mutation rates of their
encoding nucleotides, but it may also be affected by co-evolution with other residues …

Sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) is a key piercing-sucking pest of
sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) that cause significant yield losses. While feeding on host plants …

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) thrives in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world;
nevertheless, it suffers large grain yield losses due to drought stress. A panel of 426 lines of …

Under natural environmental conditions, changes in light intensity and temperature are
closely interwoven, and of all organelles, only chloroplasts react strongly upon alterations of …

Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a most devastating disease of
potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Its early detection is crucial for suppressing disease spread …

Humic substances (HS) act as biostimulants for terrestrial photosynthetic organisms. Their
effects on plants are related to specific HS features: pH and redox buffering …