Membrane-bound P2-receptors mediate the actions of extracellular nucleotides in cell-to-
cell signalling. P2X-receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, whereas P2Y-receptors belong …

Heart rate and blood pressure are elevated at the onset and throughout the duration of
dynamic or static exercise. These neurally mediated cardiovascular adjustments to physical …

Astrocytes respond to neuronal activity with [Ca2+] i increases after activation of specific
receptors. Bergmann glial cells (BGs), astrocytes of the cerebellar molecular layer (ML) …

ATP is an important signaling molecule in the nervous system and it's signaling is mediated
through the metabotropic P2Y and ionotropic P2X receptors. ATP is known to stimulate …

The pattern of insulin release is crucial for regulation of glucose and lipid haemostasis.
Deficient insulin release causes hyperglycemia and diabetes, whereas excessive insulin …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) are major sources of acute and
chronic hepatitis. HDV requires the envelope proteins of HBV for the processes of assembly …

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP+) is an intracellular second
messenger releasing Ca2+ from intracellular stores in different cell types. In addition, it is …

Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, a welldifferentiated renal epithelial cell line
derived from distal tubule/collecting duct, respond to extracellular nucleotides by altering ion …

Site‐directed mutagenesis was used to search for amino acid residues of the human P2Y1
receptor involved in the binding of the P2 receptor antagonists pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate‐6 …

NAADP has been shown to act as a second messenger in a wide range of systems from
plants to mammalian cells. Although it had always been considered as a canonical second …