Despite advances in medicine and innovations in many underpinning fields including
disease prevention and control, the Spaulding classification system, originally proposed in …

Background Operating rooms (ORs) contribute up to 30% of a hospital's waste, are very
resource-intensive, and thus provide an opportunity for improvement. Methods A narrative …

Highlights•Fully reprocessed flexible endoscopes frequently harbor viable microbes.•High-
level disinfectants commonly fail minimum effective concentration tests.•Instructions for using …

For many decades, pediatric bronchoscopy has been an integral part of the diagnosis and
treatment of acute and chronic pulmonary diseases in children. Rapid technical advances …

Flexible cystoscopy under local anaesthesia is standard for the surveillance of bladder
cancer. Frequently, several reusable cystoscopes fail to reprocess. With the new grasper …

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is thought to be sexually transmitted; however, there have
been a few studies investigating a possible iatrogenic source of infection. Therefore, it is …

Background: There has been a trend to transit reprocessing of flexible endoscopes from a
high-level disinfectant (HLD) centralized manner to sterilization performed by nursing staff in …

Introduction Point of use (POU) treatment is a critical first step of medical device
reprocessing. Reusable instruments and flexible endoscopes require a minimum of terminal …

Background Adequately processing polishing points used to polish composite resin
restorations is necessary for microbiological control in dentistry, but there is no specific …