Root hairs are highly specialized cells found in the epidermis of plant roots that play a key
role in providing the plant with water and mineral nutrients. Root hairs have been used as a …

Gram-negative soil bacteria (rhizobia) within the Rhizobiaceae phylogenetic family (α-
proteobacteria) have the unique ability to infect and establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis on …

Background Next generation sequencing is transforming our understanding of
transcriptomes. It can determine the expression level of transcripts with a dynamic range of …

The decade since the publication of the third edition of this volume has been an era of great
progress in biology in general and the plant sciences in particular. This is especially true …

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a major crop providing an important source of protein and oil,
which can also be converted into biodiesel. A major milestone in soybean research was the …

Nodulation is the result of a mutualistic interaction between legumes and symbiotic soil
bacteria (eg soybean [Glycine max] and Bradyrhizobium japonicum) initiated by the infection …

Gene expression analysis requires the use of reference genes constitutively expressed
independently of tissues or environmental conditions. Housekeeping genes (eg, actin …

Abstract Background Small RNAs regulate a number of developmental processes in plants
and animals. However, the role of small RNAs in legume-rhizobial symbiosis is largely …

We isolated a total of 3× 108 guard cell protoplasts from 22,000 Arabidopsis thaliana plants
and identified 1734 unique proteins using three complementary proteomic methods: protein …

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that limits agricultural productivity worldwide.
Plant roots function as the primary site of salinity perception. Salt responses in roots are …