Objective: Our objective was to update the guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of
androgen deficiency syndromes in adult men published previously in 2006. Participants …

Common side effects of opioid administration include sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, and respiratory depression. Physical …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Male hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that results from failure to produce physiological
concentrations of testosterone, normal amounts of sperm, or both. Hypogonadism may arise …

Opioid abuse has increased in the last decade, primarily as a result of increased access to
prescription opioids. Physicians are also increasingly administering opioid analgesics for …

This paper advances a psychophysiological systems view of pain in which physical injury, or
wounding, generates a complex stress response that extends beyond the nervous system …

Background. Studies suggest that testosterone (TT) replacement may have an
antidepressant effect in depressed patients. Objective. The objective of this study was to …

Objectives Opioids have been used for medicinal and analgesic purposes for centuries.
However, their negative effects on the endocrine system, which have been known for some …

There is a high prevalence of hypogonadism in the older adult male population and the
proportion of older men in the population is projected to rise in the future. As hypogonadism …

One‐third of infertile couples may have a male factor present. Illicit drug use can be an
important cause of male factor infertility and includes use of anabolic‐androgenic steroids …