This Review describes current knowledge on the epidemiology and causes of child and
adolescent obesity, considerations for assessment, and current management approaches …

The prevalence of child and adolescent obesity has plateaued at high levels in most high-
income countries and is increasing in many low-income and middle-income countries …

The etiology of central precocious puberty (CPP) is multiple and heterogeneous, including
congenital and acquired causes that can be associated with structural or functional brain …

Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are two common female reproductive
disorders with a significant impact on the health and quality of life of women affected. A …

Middle childhood and early adolescence have received disproportionately low levels of
scientific attention relative to other life stages, especially as related to nutrition and health …

Traditional diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity are based on
excessive fat storage due to a chronically positive energy balance characterized by body …

Childhood obesity, especially in girls, is frequently bound to earlier puberty, which is linked
to higher disease burden later in life. The mechanisms underlying this association remain …

Puberty is a major maturational event; its mechanisms and timing are driven by genetic
determinants, but also controlled by endogenous and environmental cues. Substantial …

Puberty is a sensitive period of life characterized by the appearance of secondary sex
characteristics which leads to a complete sexual maturation. It physiologically starts between …

Background Obesity is an important underlying cause of central precocious puberty (CPP),
but previous large studies are flawed by using just age and breast examination to diagnose …