Spatial thinking relates to interest and success in science, technology, engineering and
mathematics (STEM) disciplines. In this Review, we suggest that visualizations connect …

Current theories are mixed with regard to the nature of mental representations following
spatial description reading. Whereas some findings argue that individuals' representations …

This study investigated the relation between linguistic and spatial working memory (WM)
resources and language comprehension for signed compared to spoken language. Sign …

Players in computer games continue to rely on assistance for navigation in the game
environment, even after hours of gameplay. This behavior is in contrast to the real world …

Previous studies showed that bilinguals tend to score lower on some language tests than
monolinguals in each of their languages and outperform monolinguals on some cognitive …

Spatial representations of an environment involve different perspectives and can derive from
different inputs, including spatial descriptions. While it is well-established that memory of …

Proficient use of spatial terms such as under, to the left of or in front of is a central component
of daily communication and is important in the development of language and spatial …

This study investigated the construction of a spatial model in relation to working memory
(WM) and visuospatial abilities. Participants were trained to use either imagery or verbal …

This study aims to investigate the types of difficulty encountered by children with nonverbal
(visuospatial) learning disabilities (NLD) during the processing of spatial information derived …

The present study investigates the relation between spatial ability and visuo-spatial and
verbal working memory in spatial text processing. In two experiments, participants listened to …