Exposure to heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury poses serious health risks to
pregnant women because of their high toxicity. In this study, we investigated the …

Background This article describes the analysis and interpretation of data relating to the
presence of cadmium, lead, mercury and fluoride in human bone samples obtained from …

Background Human exposure to cadmium has various effects on health, especially on male
reproductive organs. Although it is widely known that prenatal maternal cadmium exposure …

The association between Cadmium and the risk of preterm birth (PTB) has remained
controversial. A number of studies found a positive correlation between maternal Cd …

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of maternal Cd and/or Zn exposure on
some parameters of Zn metabolism in fetal brain of Wistar rats. Thus, female controls and …

# Background Anthropometric parameters at birth are important indicators of child
vulnerability to the risk of childhood illness, and consequently, the chance of survival and …

The aim of this study was to determine cadmium concentration in mothers' blood, milk, and
newborns' blood from Szczecin (Poland) as a result of environmental cadmium exposure …

Purpose Knowledge about changes in exposure to toxic metals over time remains very
sparse, in particular for children, the most vulnerable group. Here, we assessed whether a …

Background: Vitamin D improves absorption of calcium; however, in animal studies vitamin
D also increases the absorption of toxic metals, such as lead and cadmium. Objectives: We …

The goal of this research is to further scientific understanding of prenatal exposure to heavy
metals among pregnant women and fetus. This review will explore the association of these …