Deprived communities in many cities are exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution,
and there is increasing evidence of similar disparities for indoor air pollution exposure …

This paper brings together evidence from various data sources and the most recent studies
to describe what we know so far about the impacts of the COVID19 crisis on inequalities …

Background Social inequalities in mortality persist in high-income countries with universal
health care, and the mechanisms by which these inequalities are generated remain unclear …

Background The increasing burden of multimorbidity and its socioeconomic gradient poses
unique challenges to the provision and structure of health care. We aimed to describe …

Background The prevalence of diabetes has increased in the UK and other high-income
countries alongside a substantial decline in cardiovascular mortality. Yet data are scarce on …

Background A very large number of studies have reported a stalling of health improvements
in the UK since 2010. Sources of data Almost all relevant data are produced by the Office for …

Background High-resolution data for how mortality and longevity have changed in England,
UK are scarce. We aimed to estimate trends from 2002 to 2019 in life expectancy and …

This paper reports on trends in life expectancy in the 28 EU countries and some other high-
income OECD countries, and examines potential explanations for the slowdown in …

Background Since 2010, the rate of improvement in life expectancy in the UK has slowed.
We aimed to put this trend in the context of changes over the long term and in relation to a …

Background Mortality rates across the UK stopped improving in the early 2010s, largely
attributable to UK Government's 'austerity'policies. Such policies are thought to …