Reactions to stress vary between individuals, and physiological and behavioral responses
tend to be associated in distinct suites of correlated traits, often termed stress-coping styles …

The glucocorticoid hormone cortisol is essential for many forms of regulatory physiology and
for cognitive appraisal. Cortisol, while associated with fear and stress response, is also the …

In rainbow trout the magnitude of the cortisol response to stress shows both consistency
over time and a moderate to high degree of heritability, and high responding (HR) and low …

In addition to the classic genomic mechanism of steroid action mediated by activation of
intracellular nuclear receptors, there is now extensive evidence that steroids also activate …

An overview of allostasis, the process by which the body maintains overall viability under
normal and adverse conditions. Homeostasis, a key concept in biology, refers to the …

Preclinical studies suggest that the brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems
mediate anxiety-like behavioural and somatic responses through actions at the CRF1 …

In the wild, animals survive by responding to perceived threats with adaptive and
appropriate changes in their behaviors and physiological states. The exact nature of these …

Glucocorticoid hormones act within the brain to alter physiological and behavioral
responses to stress-related stimuli. Previous studies indicated that acute stressors can …

Feather pecking in domestic fowl is a behavioral abnormality that consists of mild or
injurious pecking at feathers of conspecifics. Previously, it was shown that chicks from a high …

Abstract Organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) is a high‐capacity, low‐affinity transporter that
mediates bidirectional, sodium‐independent transport of dopamine, norepinephrine …