With an average worldwide prevalence of approximately 1.2/1000 live births, orofacial clefts
are the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans. Like other complex disorders …

Orofacial clefts (OFCs)—primarily cleft lip and cleft palate—are among the most common
birth defects in all populations worldwide, and have notable population, ethnicity, and …

Fingerprints are of long-standing practical and cultural interest, but little is known about the
mechanisms that underlie their variation. Using genome-wide scans in Han Chinese …

Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NS CLP) is a complex birth defect resulting from a
combination of genetic and environmental factors. Several members of the FGF and FGFR …

Orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial birth defects and one of the most common
congenital malformations in humans. They require complex multidisciplinary treatment and …

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a complex trait with evidence that the clinical
spectrum includes both microform and subepithelial lip defects. We identified missense and …

Individuals with clefts present considerably more dental anomalies than do individuals
without clefts. We used dental development to subphenotype clefts with the goal of …

Fluctuating asymmetry, the random deviation from perfect symmetry, is a widely used
population-level index of developmental instability, developmental noise, and robustness. It …

Patients who have cleft lip or palate face significant lifelong communicative and aesthetic
challenges and difficulties with deglutition. Management of patients who have orofacial …

Structured Abstract Authors–Weinberg SM, Naidoo SD, Bardi KM, Brandon CA, Neiswanger
K, Resick JM, Martin RA, Marazita ML Objective–Various lines of evidence suggest that face …