New drugs introduced to the market every year represent privileged structures for particular
biological targets. These new chemical entities (NCEs) provide insight into molecular …

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is an important biomarker for patients with heart failure,
hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Although it is known that BNP levels are relatively …

In people with type 2 diabetes the frequency of heart failure (HF) is increased and mortality
from HF is higher than with non‐diabetic HF. The increased frequency of HF is attributable to …

Cardiovascular diseases have become a major clinical burden globally. Heart failure is one
of the diseases that commonly emanates from progressive uncontrolled hypertension. This …

People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and those with prediabetes have an increased risk of
heart failure (HF). Longer duration of T2DM correlates with a greater risk of HF, but HF is …

Despite the progressive improvements in diagnosis and therapy during the first 20 years of
this century, the morbidity and mortality of patients with heart failure (HF) remain high …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, and cardiovascular
disease is the most common cause of death in patients with CKD. The incidence and …

Heart failure is a serious threat to human health, with morbidity and mortality rates
increasing despite the existence of multiple treatment options. Therefore, it is necessary to …

Kidney disease is commonly found in heart failure (HF) patients. They share many risk
factors and common pathophysiological pathways which often lead to mutual dysfunction …

Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease in the adult population of
developed countries and it constitutes a significant risk factor in the development of …