The gut microbiota have long been recognized to play a key role in human health and
disease. Currently, several lines of evidence from preclinical to clinical research have …

Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism primarily involves the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and
indole pathways. A variety of bioactive compounds produced via Trp metabolism can …

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation by tryptophan (Trp) catabolites enhances tumor
malignancy and suppresses anti-tumor immunity. The context specificity of AHR target …

Abstract l-Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) is involved in
the regulation of immunity, neuronal function and intestinal homeostasis. Imbalances in Trp …

BACKGROUND The essential amino acid tryptophan is a substrate for the generation of
several bioactive compounds with important physiological roles. Only a small fraction of …

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common causes of cancer in the world and the second
leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Mortality is associated mainly with the …

Based on its effects on both tumour cell intrinsic malignant properties as well as anti-tumour
immune responses, tryptophan catabolism has emerged as an important metabolic regulator …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and transcription factor
activated through cognate ligand binding. It is an important factor in immunity and tissue …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO; IDO1; INDO) is a rate-limiting enzyme that
metabolizes the essential amino acid, tryptophan, into downstream kynurenines …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcriptional factor that regulates multiple
functions following its activation by a variety of ligands, including xenobiotics, natural …