Immunotherapy is used to regulate systemic hyperactivation or hypoactivation to treat
various diseases. Biomaterial‐based immunotherapy systems can improve therapeutic …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as important cell surrogates
influencing many pathophysiological processes, including cellular homeostasis, cancer …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a fundamental pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
However, toxicity and poor brain enrichment of existing mitophagy inducers limit their further …

Nanoplastics (NPs) as contaminants in food and water have drawn increasing public
attention. However, little is known about how NPs shape the gut immune landscape after …

The high stability of antibodies and their ability to precisely bind to antigens and
endogenous immune receptors, as well as their susceptibility to protein engineering, enable …

With the increase of population aging, the number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is
also increasing. According to current estimates, approximately 11% of people over 65 suffer …

Overexpression of classically activated macrophages (M1) subtypes and assessed reactive
oxygen species (ROS) levels are often observed in patients with ulcerative colitis. At present …

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, and inflammatory skin disease with a high burden on
individuals, health systems, and society worldwide. With the immunological pathologies and …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with a length
of about 18–22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from cells and play a …

Pathogenic gut microbiota is responsible for a few debilitating gastrointestinal diseases.
While the host immune cells do produce extracellular vesicles to counteract some …