Reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, play an important role in the onset and
progression of disease, as well as in aging. Singlet oxygen can be formed non …

Highlights•Aging is the major risk factor for AMD.•The macula contains more than 60 kinds of
cells that may age at different rates.•The retinal aging in AMD is determined by its interplay …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the
aging population with a limited understanding of its pathogenesis and the number of …

Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exomers, exosomes and microvesicles/
ectosomes, have been extensively investigated in the last 20 years, although their biological …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs a range of necessary functions within the
neural layers of the retina and helps ensure vision. The regulation of pro-oxidative and …

The benefits of regular physical activity are related to delaying and reversing the onset of
ageing and age-related disorders, including cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases …

Lysosomes play crucial roles in various cellular processes–including endocytosis,
phagocytosis, and autophagy–which are vital for maintaining retinal health. Moreover, these …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes vision loss in the elderly population. Dry
AMD leads to the formation of Drusen, while wet AMD is characterized by cell proliferation …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ever-increasing, insidious disease which
reduces the quality of life of millions of elderly people around the world. AMD is …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a largely incurable disease and an emerging
problem in aging societies. It occurs in two forms, dry and wet (exudative, neovascular) …