Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that
leads to tissue scarring, is the final common outcome of a wide variety of chronic kidney …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized
by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) …

Renal tubules are the major component of the kidney and are vulnerable to a variety of
injuries including hypoxia, proteinuria, toxins, metabolic disorders, and senescence. It has …

Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney
injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of …

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is described as the process in which injured renal
tubular epithelial cells undergo a phenotype change, acquiring mesenchymal characteristics …

Rationale: Ureteral obstruction-induced hydronephrosis is associated with renal fibrosis and
progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication has …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM),
is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal interstitial fibrosis is a crucial …

Connective tissue growth factor, also known as CCN2, is a cysteine-rich matricellular protein
involved in the control of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation …

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key signaling and regulatory molecule involved
in different biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a leading cause of death in the United States.
There is no cure for this disease, with current treatment strategies relying on blood pressure …