Background This is the third updated version of a Cochrane review first published in Issue 4,
2003 of The Cochrane Library and first updated in 2007. Morphine has been used for many …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Opioids evoke analgesia through activation of opioid receptors (predominantly the μ opioid
receptor) in the central nervous system. Opioid receptors are abundant in multiple regions of …

Management of cancer pain is challenging. Despite the poor evidence, opioid therapy still
remains the cornerstone for the management of cancer-related pain. Opioids should be …

Background: Pain is one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients. The Japanese
Society for Palliative Medicine (JSPM) first published its clinical guidelines for the …

Background Guidelines tend to consider morphine and morphine-like opioids comparable
and interchangeable in the treatment of chronic cancer pain, but individual responses can …

Background and aims Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) is an increasing problem
due to the common use of opioids for pain worldwide. It manifests with different symptoms …

Background Opioid drugs have been used for many years to relieve pain. Transdermal
fentanyl offers one option for delivering and maintaining pain relief in patients with moderate …

Background There is increasing focus on providing high quality care for people at the end of
life, irrespective of disease or cause, and in all settings. In the last ten years the use of care …

Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness and safety information of transdermal fentanyl
(TDF)(Duragesic/Durogesic*) and sustained-release oral morphine (SRM) in cancer pain …