Dirofilaria immitis is a parasitic filarial nematode responsible for heartworm disease in
domestic as well as wild canines and felines and pulmonary or cutaneous infections in …

Abstract Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an arylesterase associated with serum high density
lipoprotein particles. Its name is derived from hydrolyzing one of several organophosphate …

In heartworm disease, several biomarkers of cardiopulmonary injury and inflammatory
activity have been studied during the recent years. D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product …

The prognosis and success of adulticide treatment depends on the baseline severity of
infection with Dirofilaria immitis in dogs and can influence the therapeutic protocol to …

Previous studies have shown the existence of an acute phase response in dogs with
heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis), probably caused by the vascular inflammation that occurs …

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent and severe phenomenon in
heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, mainly caused by intimal proliferation of …

Canine heartworm disease by Dirofilaria immitis and canine leishmaniosis by Leishmania
infantum (CanL) are both vector-borne diseases with frequently overlapping endemicity and …

During the adulticide treatment of Dirofilaria immitis the worms die releasing fragments of
parasites and causing pulmonary thromboembolisms which could exacerbate the clinical …

Acute phase proteins have been used as tools for the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis
of several diseases in domestic animals. However, the dynamics of these proteins in …

During the acute phase response, there is an increased production and release of certain
proteins known as acute phase proteins (APPs) which can be produced by hepatocytes and …