Copper (Cu) is a vital element required for cellular growth and development; however, even
slight changes in its homeostasis might lead to severe toxicity and deleterious medical …

Cuproptosis is a newly identified form of cell death driven by copper. Recently, the role of
copper and copper triggered cell death in the pathogenesis of cancers have attracted …

Fungi are ubiquitous in nature, and typically cause little or no environmental or pathogenic
damage to their plant, animal, and human hosts. However, a small but growing number of …

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the de novo conversion of nucleotides to
deoxynucleotides in all organisms, controlling their relative ratios and abundance. In doing …

Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Although a number of new
treatment options have been developed in recent years, there remains a need for improved …

Iron is essential for all living organisms. Many iron-containing proteins and metabolic
pathways play a key role in almost all cellular and physiological functions. The diversity of …

Drug resistance remains the major cause of cancer treatment failure especially at the late
stage of the disease. However, based on their versatile chemistry, metal and metalloid …

Ascorbic acid (AscH2) is one of the most important vitamins found in the human diet, with
many biological functions including antioxidant, chelating, and coenzyme activities. Ascorbic …

The small molecule anticancer agent cisplatin and its Pt (II) analogs carboplatin and
oxaliplatin are widely used to treat a variety of tumorigenic diseases. Despite their structural …

Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant thiol in mammalian cells and plays a crucial role in
maintaining redox cellular homeostasis. The thiols of two GSH molecules can be oxidized to …