Hydrogels are a class of polymer materials with three-dimensional networks structure, which
can absorb a large number of water and biological fluids. Natural polysaccharides are ideal …

Living biological systems, ranging from single cells to whole organisms, can sense, process
information, and actuate in response to changing environmental conditions. Inspired by …

Bacteria are prime cell factories that can efficiently convert carbon and nitrogen sources into
a large diversity of intracellular and extracellular biopolymers, such as polysaccharides …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a treatment method has many advantages such as minimal
invasiveness, repeatable dosage, and low systemic toxicity. Issues with conventional PDT …

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide that has gained much attention due to its
biocompatibility, enzyme degradation capacity and active tumor targeting capacity. Its …

Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the first-line treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis, while
the side effects caused by injection and oral administration of MTX greatly restrict its clinical …

Multidrug-resistance (MDR) featuring complicated and poorly defined mechanisms is a
major obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapy in the clinic. Compound …

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive anionic polysaccharide polymer with inherent
pharmacological properties and versatile chemical groups for modification. Due to their …

The osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms cannot be fully remedied by using only a single functional
component because of its complex pathogenesis. Herein, a MnO 2 nanozyme-encapsulated …

Although spherical gold (Au) nanoparticles have remarkable photothermal conversion
efficiency and photostability, their weak absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region and …