A protein domain (Toll and Interleukin-1 receptor [TIR]-like) with homology to animal TIRs
mediates immune signaling in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here, we present an overview of …

The study of plant diseases is almost as old as agriculture itself. Advancements in molecular
biology have given us much more insight into the plant immune system and how it detects …

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules
that regulate plant immune responses. The Arabidopsis thaliana Raf‐like MAPK kinase …

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases of rice.
During infection, M. oryzae secretes effectors to facilitate blast development. Among these …

In a single vascular plant species, the ubiquitin system consists of thousands of different
proteins involved in attaching ubiquitin to substrates, recognizing or processing …

Ubiquitination is an essential posttranslational modification and plays a crucial role in
regulating plant immunity by modulating protein activity, stability, abundance and interaction …

Sessile plants are constantly exposed to myriads of unfavorable invading organisms with
different lifestyles. To survive, plants have evolved plasma membrane-resident pattern …

The constant battle of survival between pathogens and host plants has played a crucial role
in shaping the course of their co-evolution. However, the major determinants of the outcome …

The detection of microbial infections by plants induces the rapid formation of immune
receptor complexes at the plasma membrane. However, how this process is controlled to …

Crops with broad-spectrum resistance loci are highly desirable in agricultural production
because these loci often confer resistance to most races of a pathogen or multiple pathogen …