RNA silencing is a well-established antiviral immunity system in plants, in which small RNAs
guide Argonaute proteins to targets in viral RNA or DNA, resulting in virus repression. Virus …

Protection against microbial infection in eukaryotes is provided by diverse cellular and
molecular mechanisms. Here, we present a comparative view of the antiviral activity of virus …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger involved in various cellular processes,
leading to plant development and to biotic and abiotic stress responses. Intracellular …

RNA silencing is a homology-dependent gene inactivation mechanism that regulates a wide
range of biological processes including antiviral defense. To deal with host antiviral …

Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating
insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors, which are …

Viruses cause epidemics on all major cultures of agronomic importance, representing a
serious threat to global food security. As strict intracellular pathogens, they cannot be …

RNA silencing is a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved mechanism that regulates gene
expression in eukaryotes. It also functions as a primary immune defense in microbes, such …

Plant viruses are devastating plant pathogens that severely affect crop yield and quality.
Plants have developed multiple lines of defense systems to combat viral infection. Gene …

Autophagy emerges as an essential immunity defense against intracellular pathogens. Here
we report that turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection activates autophagy in plants and that …

One important discovery in plant pathology over recent decades is the natural antiviral
defense mechanism mediated by RNA interference (RNAi). In antiviral RNAi, virus infection …