Astrocytes are highly plastic cells whose activity is essential to maintain the cerebral
homeostasis, regulating synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission, vascular and metabolic …

Immunotherapy represented by anti-PD-(L) 1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors has revolutionized
cancer treatment, but challenges related to resistance and toxicity still remain. Due to the …

Introduction Blood–brain barrier (BBB) remains to be the major obstacle to conquer in
treating patients with malignant brain tumors. Radiation therapy (RT), despite being the …

Abstract Glioblastoma, IDH-Wild type (GBM, CNS WHO Grade 4) is a highly heterogeneous
and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with high morbidity, high mortality, and poor …

Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance remains the major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma
(GBM). Lactylation is a novel post‐translational modification that is involved in various …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by invasive
behavior and a compromised immune response, presenting treatment challenges. Surgical …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal form of human brain
tumors. Dismantling the suppressed immune microenvironment is an effective therapeutic …

The world of cancer treatment is evolving rapidly and has improved the prospects of many
cancer patients. Yet, there are still many cancers where treatment prospects have not (or …

Glioma, as a fatal tumor, is difficult to treat for the poor blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-brain
tumor barrier (BBTB) penetrance and tumor targeting of drugs. There is an urgent need to …

The growth and progression of brain tumors is governed by patient-specific dynamics. Even
when the tumor appears well-delineated in medical imaging scans, tumor cells typically …