Purpose Endotracheal intubation is the gold standard for securing the airway before surgery.
Nevertheless, this procedure can produce an activation of the sympathetic nervous system …

Background: The present study was undertaken to compare and evaluate the efficacy of
intravenous (IV) fentanyl and lignocaine airway nebulization and a combination of both in …

Endotracheal intubation elicits huge spectrum of stress responses which are hazardous in
high-risk patients. Numerous drugs and techniques have been applied to attenuate the …

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of oxycodone compared with fentanyl for
attenuating the hemodynamic response during endotracheal intubation. Methods: This study …

Methods: After institutional ethical clearance, 129 American Society of Anesthesiologists
physical status I--II patients, aged 18--65 years, undergoing elective surgery under general …

Methods: Patients were assigned into one of three groups. Patients of gabapentin group
received preoperative oral gabapentin 1200 mg while, patients of bisoprolol and control …

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the application of oxycodone in anesthesia
induction and overall management of Da Vinci robot-assisted nephrectomy. Methods: A total …

Background: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation is invariably associated with certain
cardiovascular changes such as tachycardia, rise in blood pressure and a wide variety of …

Background: Coronary artery disease is a growing disease in human societies. A
considerable number of patients ultimately require coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) …

Background: Responses due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation have an effect on
blood pressure, heart rate, catecholamines, and oxygen demand of myocardium. These …