Diseases are a significant impediment to aquaculture's sustainable and healthy growth. The
aquaculture industry is suffering significant financial losses as a result of the worsening …

Vaccines are one of the most significant medical interventions in the fight against infectious
diseases. Since their discovery by Edward Jenner in 1796, vaccines have reduced the …

Vaccines are powerful tools for controlling microbial infections and preventing epidemic
diseases. Efficient inactive, subunit, or viral-like particle vaccines usually rely on a safe and …

The awareness of sustainability approaches has focused attention on replacing synthetic
emulsifiers with natural alternatives when formulating nanoemulsions. In this context, a …

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a known elicitor of plant specialized metabolism, including
triterpenoid saponins. Saponaria vaccaria is an annual herb used in traditional Chinese …

Vaccines are an important tool in the rapidly evolving repertoire of immunotherapies in
oncology. Although cancer vaccines have been investigated for over 30 years, very few …

Adjuvant, as an important part of vaccines, can observably enhance the magnitude, breadth
and durability of immune responses. Nanoadjuvants, as novel vaccine adjuvants, have …

Saponins make up an important group of natural glycosidic compounds which are
distinguished by triterpene or steroidal aglycone. Although widely distributed in terrestrial …

Saponins are one of the broadest classes of high-molecular-weight natural compounds,
consisting mainly of a non-polar moiety with 27 to 30 carbons and a polar moiety containing …

Introduction Liposomes have been used as carriers for vaccine adjuvants and antigens due
to their inherent biocompatibility and versatility as delivery vehicles. Two vial admixture of …