Most COVID-19 vaccines are designed to elicit immune responses, ideally neutralizing
antibodies (NAbs), against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Several vaccines, including …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health threat with
particular risk for severe disease and death in older adults and in adults with age-related …

SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading around the world for the past year. Recently, several
variants such as B. 1.1. 7 (alpha), B. 1.351 (beta), and P. 1 (gamma), which share a key …

Three major outbreaks of the coronavirus, a zoonotic virus known to cause respiratory
disease, have been reported since 2002, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the most …

COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Angiotensin-
converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is not only an enzyme but also a functional receptor on cell …

The review aims to consolidate research findings on the molecular mechanisms and
virulence and pathogenicity characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causative …

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in an unprecedented setback …

Despite the worldwide vaccination, the COVID‐19 pandemic continues as SARS‐CoV‐2
evolves into numerous variants. Since the first identification of the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 …

SUMMARY majority of patients tend to have a mild illness, a minority of patients develop
severe hypoxia requiring hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. Management is mostly …

The pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
has been posing great threats to the world in many aspects. Effective therapeutic and …