Germinal centers (GCs) are the site of antibody diversification and affinity maturation and as
such are vitally important for humoral immunity. The study of GC biology has undergone a …

The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when
performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing …

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical …

Higher-or lower-affinity germinal center (GC) B cells are directed either to plasma cell or GC
recycling, respectively; however, how commitment to the plasma cell fate takes place is …

Antibodies somatically mutate to attain high affinity in germinal centers (GCs). There,
competition between B cell clones and among somatic mutants of each clone drives an …

INTRODUCTION To produce antibodies that protect effectively against pathogens, B cells
must undergo a Darwinian process of somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin genes …

Antibody responses are characterized by increasing affinity and diversity over time. Affinity
maturation occurs in germinal centers by a mechanism that involves repeated cycles of …

Germinal centers (GCs) were described more than 125 years ago as compartments within
secondary lymphoid organs that contained mitotic cells. Since then, it has become clear that …

Class-switch recombination (CSR) is a DNA recombination process that replaces the
immunoglobulin (Ig) constant region for the isotype that can best protect against the …

A vaccine that elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 is likely to be
protective, but this has not been achieved. To explore immunization regimens that might …