Habitat heterogeneity promotes species diversity by providing a variety of abiotic and biotic
conditions, whose impact on performance varies among species. Then, mobile species …

An animal's boldness is generally considered to be influenced by genetic and
developmental factors. However, abiotic factors such as temperature have profound effects …

Eutrophication and global climate change may be increasing the duration and severity of
Karenia brevis red tide algal blooms around the world. This is problematic, as the …

Intertidal zones are highly dynamic environments. At low tide, temperatures and salinities in
intertidal tide pools can change substantially and quickly, depending on the weather …

Climate change impacts coastal ecosystems and the humans who live and work in these
regions. The coastal ecosystem, or the coastal zone, is defined as the margin between land …

The relative proportions of gastropod shells occupied by the hermit crabs Pagurus dubius
(Ortmann, 1892), P. filholi (De Man, 1887), P. lanuginose De Haan, 1849, and P. nigrofascia …

抄録 For hermit crabs, a gastropod shell is an important resource that affects individual
survival and reproduction. However, since shell resources are generally in short supply in …