Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released during stress responses in most fish and has
been employed to investigate different stressors, including organic pollutants. This review …

The focus of this review is on the regulation and expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs),
in fish. Within the past decade, molecular studies pertaining to the isolation and …

Copper (Cu) is a common contaminant in aquatic environments, which could cause
physiological dysfunction in aquatic organisms. However, few studies have …

1. Introduction 2. Molecular Regulation of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Interrenal (HPI) Axis
2.1. Hypothalamus 2.2. Pituitary 2.3. Head Kidney (Interrenal Tissue) 3. Genomic Cortisol …

Glucocorticoids serve important regulatory functions for many physiological processes and
are critical mediators of the stress response. The stress response is a set of bodily processes …

Abstract Nitrite (NO 2–) is commonly present as contaminant in aquatic environment and
toxic to aquatic organisms. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nitrite …

Abstract Effects of heavy metals on physiological and biochemical parameters of fishes and
water invertebrates have been reviewed. The mechanisms of uptake and detoxication, and …

Fish are exposed to multiple stressors, often acting concurrently, in their environment. To
evaluate the potential of Cu to act as a chemical stressor, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus …

Trace metals such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese play essential roles in various
biological processes in fish, including development, energy metabolism and immune …

The purpose of investigation assessed the impacts of neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (TMX) at
sublethal concentrations in hematological profile and renal function of Oreochromis …