Aims To perform a comprehensive characterization of acute heart failure (AHF) with
preserved (HFpEF), versus mildly reduced (HFmrEF) versus reduced ejection fraction …

Background Most patients who have heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, when left
ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is 40% or lower, are diagnosed in hospital. This is …

Abstract The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Committee on Clinical
Application of Cardiac Bio-Markers provides evidence-based educational documents to …

The recent US Food and Drug Administration expanded indication for sacubitril/valsartan
introduces a new potential taxonomy for heart failure, with no reference to “preserved” …

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The underlying mechanisms
of most cardiovascular disorders involve innate and adaptive immune responses, and …

In the last years, major progress occurred in heart failure (HF) management. Quadruple
therapy is now mandatory for all the patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Whilst …

ABSTRACT Aim The “2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure”
replaces the “2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure” and the …

Background Risk stratification for transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) is
paramount in the decision-making process for treating severe mitral regurgitation (MR) …

Recently, the 4th Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction was published. 1 Perhaps it is
time to consider a First Universal Definition of Heart Failure. Objective, clinically verifiable …

Heart failure (HF) is marked by distinctive changes in myocardial uptake and utilization of
energy substrates. Among the different types of HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction …