Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including those targeting the programmed cell death
1/programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 pathways, are …

The generation of productive adaptive immune responses depends on the antigen‐specific
activation of T and B cells. The outcome of T‐cell receptor engagement is influenced by …

Abstract Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is a transmembrane protein that binds MHC
class II, enhances regulatory T cell activity, and negatively regulates cellular proliferation …

Stromal elements present within the tumor microenvironment may suppress host immunity
and promote the growth of malignant lymphocytes in B cell–derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma …

Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, autoimmune hepatitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease can induce chronic liver disease. The Programmed Death‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitory …

Virus-specific cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+) cytotoxic T cells (CTL) recognize viral
antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chains on infected …

ABSTRACT The PD-1/PD-L pathway plays a major role in regulating T-cell exhaustion
during chronic viral infections in animal models, as well as in humans, and blockade of this …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a leading
cause of pneumonia and death. The aim of this investigation is to identify the key genes in …

Background and Aims Recent studies reveal the accumulation of myeloid derived
suppressor cells (MDSCs) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is remarkably efficient at evading host immunity to establish chronic
infection. During chronic HCV infection, interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) produced by monocytes …