The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as an intracellular Ca2+ store not only sets up cytosolic
Ca2+ signals, but, among other functions, also assembles and folds newly synthesized …

Since its introduction into the operating room in the early 1980s, transesophageal
echocardiography (TEE) has gained widespread use during cardiac, major vascular, and …

Ca2+-ATPases (pumps) are key actors in the regulation of Ca2+ in eukaryotic cells and are
thus essential to the correct functioning of the cell machinery. They have high affinity for …

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common genetically transmitted disease, defined clinically
by the presence of unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy. The disease has a varied …

Aims Non-compaction of the left ventricle (LVNC) is a disorder of endomyocardial
morphogenesis that results in multiple trabeculations in the left ventricular myocardium. The …

In human disease and experimental animal models, depressed Ca 2+ handling in failing
cardiomyocytes is widely attributed to impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function. In …

Ischaemic stroke is a heterogeneous multifactorial disorder. Epidemiological data provide
substantial evidence for a genetic component to the disease, but the extent of predisposition …

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a key regulator of energy
metabolism in the heart. The high energy demands of the heart are primarily met by the …

Abstract β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) blockade is a standard therapy for cardiac failure and
ischemia. G protein–coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) desensitize βARs, suggesting that …

Troponin (Tn) is a critical regulator of muscle contraction in cardiac muscle. Mutations in Tn
subunits are associated with hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathies …