OBJECTIVE: Physicians may prescribe buprenorphine for opioid agonist maintenance
treatment outside of narcotic treatment programs, but treatment guidelines for patients with …

A 30-year-old man reports a two-year history of heroin use. For the past year, he has been
using intranasal heroin every day. He has undergone detoxification twice at a local opioid …

Background Among people living with HIV/AIDS, illicit drug use is a risk for sub-optimal
treatment outcomes. However, few studies have examined the relative contributions of …

Despite agreement that methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is an effective and safe
option for treatment of heroin dependence, there have been controversies about its effect on …

ContextResults from several studies conducted in the early 1990s showed that the majority
of US methadone maintenance programs did not use treatment practices that met …

Drug addiction is a major risk factor for HIV infection in the United States and at least 80
other countries [1]. In the United States, injecting drug use now accounts for more than one …

Abstract Background and Aims Ukraine's HIV epidemic remains concentrated among opioid‐
dependent people who inject drugs (PWID) where opioid agonist therapies (OAT) like …

Almost 3 million Americans have abused heroin. The most effective treatment for this
concerning epidemic is opioid replacement therapy. Although, from a historical perspective …

The purpose of this review is to illustrate the utility and value of employing human self-
administration procedures in medication development, including abuse liability assessments …

There is significant experimental evidence implicating the endogenous opioid system
(opioid peptides and opioid receptors) with the processes of reward and reinforcement …