Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development
of the male reproductive system in individuals with a 46, XY karyotype. In addition to …

Urogenital sinus (UGS) malformation, also known as persistent urogenital sinus (PUGS), is a
rare congenital malformation of the urogenital system. It arises when the urethra and vaginal …

The second-to-fourth digit (2D: 4D) ratio is thought to be associated with prenatal androgen
exposure. However, the relationship between the 2D: 4D ratio and hypospadias is poorly …

Hypospadias, an oft-occurring penis anomaly, ranks among neonatal's foremost birth
defects. The SRD5A2 can affect male reproductive system development and is abnormally …

Hypospadias, characterized by abnormal position of the urethral opening, is the second
most common congenital anomaly in men. Its incidence is increasing year by year, and it …

The role of motor proteins in supporting intracellular transports of vesicles and organelles in
mammalian cells has been known for decades. On the other hand, the function of motor …