Type 2 immune responses are defined by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-
13, which can either be host protective or have pathogenic activity. Type 2 immunity …

For over 35 years since Mosmann and Coffman proposed the seminal “type 1 T helper
(Th1)/type 2 T helper (Th2)” hypothesis in 1986, the immunological community has …

Despite their crucial role in health and disease, our knowledge of immune cells within
human tissues remains limited. We surveyed the immune compartment of 16 tissues from 12 …

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine originally isolated from a
murine thymic stromal cell line. TSLP exerts its biological effects by binding to a high-affinity …

Airway epithelial cells form a barrier to the outside world and are at the front line of mucosal
immunity. Epithelial apical junctional complexes are multiprotein subunits that promote cell …

Asthma is a T lymphocyte–controlled disease of the airway wall caused by inflammation,
overproduction of mucus and airway wall remodeling leading to bronchial hyperreactivity …

The recognition that asthma is primarily an inflammatory disorder of the airways associated
with T helper type 2 (TH2) cell-dependent promotion of IgE production and recruitment of …

The immune system has evolved to protect the host from a universe of pathogenic microbes
that are themselves constantly evolving. The immune system also helps the host eliminate …

Asthma is a serious health and socioeconomic issue all over the world, affecting more than
300 million individuals. The disease is considered as an inflammatory disease in the airway …

Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammation and
hyperresponsiveness. The mechanisms associated with the development and progression …