Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone
formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and …

Osteoblasts, the cells that build up our skeleton, are remarkably versatile and important cells
that need tight regulation in all the phases of their differentiation to guarantee proper skeletal …

Background Periodontitis is characterized by progressive inflammation and alveolar bone
loss resulting in tooth loss finally. Macrophages including pro-inflammatory M1-like …

Extracellular communication, in other words, crosstalk between cells, has a pivotal role in
the survival of an organism. This communication occurs by different methods, one of which is …

Over the last few years, biopolymers have attracted great interest in tissue engineering and
regenerative medicine due to the great diversity of their chemical, mechanical, and physical …

Precise timing of macrophage polarization plays a pivotal role in immunomodulation of
tissue regeneration, yet most studies mainly focus on M2 macrophages for their anti …

Macrophages are involved in almost every aspect of biological systems and include
development, homeostasis and repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have good clinical …

Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease characterized by low bone mass and altered bone
microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fractures. Classical theories hold that …

The host immune response to biomaterials is critical for determining scaffold fate and bone
regeneration outcomes. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffolds encapsulated with …

Tendon-bone insertion injuries (TBI), such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and rotator
cuff injuries, are common degenerative or traumatic pathologies with a negative impact on …