In this review, we focus on significant developments in our understanding of the
mechanisms that control the cutaneous vasculature in humans, with emphasis on the …

Membrane fusion is a universal feature of eukaryotic protein trafficking and is mediated by
the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family …

The trafficking of molecules and membranes within cells is a prerequisite for all aspects of
cellular immune functions, including the delivery and recycling of cell-surface proteins …

Botulinum neurotoxins have a very high affinity and specificity for their target cells requiring
two different co-receptors located on the neuronal cell surface. Different toxin serotypes …

Introduction 3. Methodology 3.1. Laser Doppler flowmetry 3.2. Pharmacological approaches
4. Reflex Control 4.1. Vasoconstrictor mechanisms 4.1. 1. Transmitters and cotransmitters …

Botulinum toxins can effectively and selectively disrupt and modulate neurotransmission in
striated muscle. Recently, urologists have become interested in the use of these toxins in …

The potential for the use of Clostridial neurotoxins as bioweapons makes the development
of small-molecule inhibitors of these deadly toxins a top priority. Recently, screening of a …

Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) is among the most poisonous substances on Earth and a major
cause of neonatal death in nonvaccinated areas. TeNT targets the neuromuscular junction …

Background Botulism is a neuroparalytic illness caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT).
Seven BoNT serotypes (designated as A to G) are produced by Clostridium botulinum, a …

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of endplate-targeted injections of a low Botulinum
neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) dose with that of injections at defined distances from the motor …