Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that
play important roles in the early detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and …

Tol-like receptor (TLR) agonists, as potent adjuvants, have gained attention in vaccine
research for their ability to enhance immune responses. This study focuses on their …

HIV infection impairs host immunity, leading to progressive disease. An anti-retroviral
treatment efficiently controls viremia but cannot completely restore the immune dysfunction …

Small synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can mimic microbial nucleic acids by
interacting with receptor systems and promoting immunostimulatory activities. Nevertheless …

Dendritic cells can be subdivided into three major subsets. The conventional (classical)
dendritic cells (cDCs), also known as myeloid DCs, can be further split into the cDC1 and …