Comparisons of rhythmic movements and the central pattern generators (CPGs) that control
them uncover principles about the evolution of behaviour and neural circuits. Over the …

Abstract Knowledge on the evolution of the N ew Z ealand insect fauna is reviewed and
outstanding questions are highlighted. The N ew Z ealand insect fauna is a composite of old …

Freshwater biodiversity provides important ecosystem services and is at the core of water
quality monitoring worldwide. To assess freshwater biodiversity, genetic methods such as …

Background The re-evolution of complex characters is generally considered impossible, yet,
studies of recent years have provided several examples of phenotypic reversals shown to …

Aim Species living on steep environmental gradients are expected to be especially sensitive
to global climate change, but little is known about the factors influencing their responses to …

Alpine zones are threatened globally by invasive species, hunting, and habitat loss caused
by fire, anthropogenic development and climate change. These global threats are pertinent …

For more than two centuries biogeographers have attempted to explain why terrestrial or
freshwater lineages have geographic distributions broken by oceans, with these disjunct …

Terrestrial species on islands often show reduced dispersal abilities. For insects, the
generality of explanations for island flight loss remains contentious. Although habitat stability …

Habitat requirements and landscape features can exert strong influences on the population
structure of organisms. For aquatic organisms in particular, hydrologic requirements can …

Extant members of the ancient insect order of stoneflies exhibit a disjunct, antitropical
distribution, with one major lineage exclusively occurring in the Southern Hemisphere and …