Fluoride is an important trace element in the living body. A suitable amount of fluoride has a
beneficial effect on the body, but disproportionate fluoride entering the body will affect …

This review covers nearly 100 years of studies on the toxicity of fluoride on human and
animal kidneys. These studies reveal that there are direct adverse effects on the kidneys by …

Background Hepato-and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but
few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study …

The epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) that contributes
significantly to morbidity and mortality rates among dry-zonal farming communities has …

Fluoride, a naturally occurring chemical element, is largely insoluble in soils. More than 90%
of the fluoride in soil is bound to soil particles and is unable to be dissolved. As part of the …

Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals and metalloids is a major global
health risk. The kidney is often a site of early damage. Nephrotoxicity is both a major …

China has been suffering from endemic fluorosis for the past 30 years. This study
investigated fluoride concentrations in 10 districts of Tianjin, China, to illustrate their spatial …

Introduction Fluoride is a naturally occurring substance that is also added to drinking water,
dental hygiene products, and food supplements for preventing dental caries. Concerns have …

The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is the plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates
active iodide transport in the thyroid and other tissues, such as the salivary, gastric mucosa …

Abstract The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2009 risk assessment on
arsenic in food carrying out a hazard assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and using the …