A major challenge in neurobiology is to understand how brains function in animals behaving
in the complexity of their natural environment. Progress will depend on our ability to correctly …

Predator avoidance and prey capture are among the most vital of animal behaviors. They
require fast reactions controlled by comparatively straightforward neural circuits often …

Similar to most visual animals, crabs perform proper avoidance responses to objects directly
approaching them. The monostratified lobula giant neurons of type 1 (MLG1) of crabs …

Highly active insects and crabs depend on visual motion information for detecting and
tracking mates, prey, or predators, for which they require directional control systems …

Adaptations to a terrestrial lifestyle occurred convergently multiple times during the evolution
of the arthropods. This holds also true for the “true crabs”(Brachyura), a taxon that includes …

The lobula plate is part of the lobula complex, the third optic neuropil, in the optic lobes of
insects. It has been extensively studied in dipterous insects, where its role in processing flow …

Crustaceans provide a fascinating opportunity for studying adaptations to a terrestrial
lifestyle because within this group, the conquest of land has occurred at least ten times …

Due to their unique advantages for certain experimental approaches, crustaceans have long
been used in neurobiological research. In this chapter, we describe a number of important …

Background Due to the complexity and variability of natural environments, the ability to
adaptively modify behavior is of fundamental biological importance. Motion vision provides …

Animals, from invertebrates to humans, stabilize the panoramic optic flow through
compensatory movements of the eyes, the head or the whole body, a behavior known as …