Vaccines, including subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines, require the use of an
immunostimulator/adjuvant for maximum efficacy. Adjuvants not only enhance the strength …

AS03 is an Adjuvant System composed of α-tocopherol, squalene and polysorbate 80 in an
oil-in-water emulsion. In various nonclinical and clinical studies, high levels of antigen …

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus
Plasmodium. Despite significant declines in malaria-attributable morbidity and mortality over …

Background Development of an effective malaria vaccine could greatly contribute to disease
control. RTS, S/AS02A is a pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate based on Plasmodium …

There is no licenced vaccine against any human parasitic disease and Plasmodium
falciparum malaria, a major cause of infectious mortality, presents a great challenge to …

Summary Background RTS, S/AS02 is a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine based on the
circumsporozoite surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum fused to HBsAg, incorporating a …

Early data emerging from the first phase 3 trial of a malaria vaccine are raising hopes that a
licensed vaccine will soon be available for use in endemic countries, but given the relatively …

In animals, effective immune responses against malignancies and against several infectious
pathogens, including malaria, are mediated by T cells. Here we show that a heterologous …

Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) entails deliberate infection with malaria
parasites either by mosquito bite or by direct injection of sporozoites or parasitized …

Previous studies have shown that mosquitoes inject Plasmodium sporozoites into avascular
portions of the skin of their rodent host rather than directly into the blood circulation. Then …